Group+4+-+Personality+Testing

﻿ By Cherae Reeves, Jennifer Parsons, Peter Tran, Taylor Waterworth, and Matt Berg Chapter 13 Section 4

__Summary __

 * Personality tests are used by psychologists and psychiatrists to assess a person’s characteristics or determine psychological disorders. The tests can either be projective or objective. The most used personality test used is objective, which is where a person has to pick an answer form a small selection of responses. A few objective personality tests are the MMPI, CPI, and Myers-Briggs test. Out of the objective tests the MMPI or the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory test, is the most commonly used. The MMPI test has no wrong or right answers, and the test has about 567 statements. This test was first developed to diagnose psychiatric disorders. When the MMPI is scored they are not looking for a high or low score but for different patterns of responses, and also in the MMPI test it is measured on a scale of 10 different clinical scales. The next objective personality test is the CPI or the California Psychological, Inventory. This test evaluates a person’s tolerance, self-control, and responsibility, and uses its results to see how people will adjust to stress, job success, or leadership. The last objective test is the Myers-Briggs Test. This test has four different scales extraversion vs. introversion, intuition vs. sensing, feeling vs. thinking, and judging vs. perceiving. Information, decision making, and approaches to day to day tasks are being characterized when taking this test. **
 * Another Personality test is the projective personality tests, which are open-ended test that let people respond freely. Two types of the tests are the Rorschach Inkblot test and the TAT test. The Rorschach Inkblot test is the best known projective test.This test reveals what a person’s personality is like by what they do or say. The second projective test is the TAT or the Thematic Apperception Test. This test is used to have people tell stories about a situation and speak freely about their problems. This test uses about 20 cards, which people pick out of, and each card has a picture to simulate a situation that could happen in their life. **

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**1.Personality Test: **

 * **Book Def: Assesses an individual's characteristics and identifies problems. **
 * **Layman's Term: Tests that determine what type of person you ar and what type of preson you will become. **
 * **Real World Example: Many of the clietns at Prarire may take a personality test when they first come. **
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 * 2.Objective Tests: **
 * **Book Def: A limited or forced-choice tets in which a person must select one of serveral answers. **
 * **Layman's Term: Comes with a definite set of answers to the questions posed on the exam. There may be multiple choices from you to choose from or not, depending on the format. **
 * **Real World Example: What are the 2 colors that apples can be? There is a definite answer: red & green. But there could be other choices such as: (Black and White), (Red and Green), (Oragne and Purple), (Brown and Yellow). **
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 * 3.Projective Test: **
 * **<span style="color: #7d1717; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Book Def: An unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli. [[image:imagesCAZW9O42_ther.jpg align="right"]] **
 * **<span style="color: #7d1717; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Layman's Term: Open expression, usually verbally about your feelings and thoughts. **
 * **<span style="color: #7d1717; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Real World Example: Much like when someone goes to see a shrink. They will usually lay down and talk freely and the shrink will determin their personality. **
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=__**<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Links **__=
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The second most widely used personality test is the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT). This is a series of 20 cards containing pictures of vague, but suggestive situations and the individual is supposed to make up a story for the cards. TAT **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is one of the most widely used tests for general personality assessments. The MMPI reveals habits, fears, delusions, and sexual attitudes-MMPI **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Myers-Briggs is another popular personality test that focuses on how a person takes information, makes decisions, and approaches day to day tasks. The creators believe that each person's personality is a combination of these characteristics. Myers-Briggs **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The California Psychological Inventory (CPI) is similar to the MMPI, but was developed for a more general use. It measures traits like responsibility. CPI **
 * **<span style="color: #008000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">The Rorschach Inkblot test is perhaps the best and most widely known test. One by one the the test taker explains what he or she sees from the pictures shown. Inkblot **

=__ Key Concepts __=

**__Projective Personality Tests__** · Encourage test takers to respond freely · Open ended examinations that require story responses · Test material has no established meaning, so the story must say something about the person · Test taker will project his or her unconscious feelings onto the test items

1. **The Rorschach Inkblot Test** · Best-known and most widely discussed projective measure i) Developed by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach in 1921  · Rorschach created 10 cards and designed a system of interpreting responses   · After 10 years of researching responses to thousands of inkblots he chose 10 specific ones that elicited emotional responses in people   · Five of the blots are black and gray on a white background   · Two have red blotches plus black and gray   · Three have mixture of different colors   · To administer the test the psychologist hands the ink blot one by to the test taker   · The psychologist will then record what the tester says they see, where and how they hold the cards, and the length of time it takes to  respond   · The theory is that anything the tester says or does will reveal an aspect of the testers personality   · There are several systems for scoring Rorschach responses  1. If someone mentions human movement more than color then they are probably introverted 2. If someone mentions color more than human movement then they are probably extroverted 3. Some systems state if a person is more open or hostile · Many researchers have criticized the Rorschach, charging that the scoring systems are neither reliable nor valid and that the results depend on the pyschologist’s expectations · The test is continued to be used by therapists as an introduction to therapy

2. **The TAT** · The second most used projective measure was developed by Henry Murray (1943) · The Thematic Appreciation Test consists of a series of 20 cards of pictures of vague but suggestive situations · The tester is asked to tell a story about the picture, indicating how the situation developed, what the characters are thinking and feeling, and how it will end · The TAT is used to urge clients to speak about their problems · As with the Rorschach there are many different scoring systems · The interpreter usually focuses on the themes that emerge from the story and needs of the main characters: are they aggressive, do they seem to have needs for achievement, love, or sex

**__<span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Objective Test __**

 * <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Usually pencil and paper
 * <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Some of the most used
 * <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Limited or forced-choice format.
 * <span style="color: #404040; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; line-height: 17px;">Person selects a small number of possible responses

1. **MMPI**
 * Most used for general personality
 * No right or wrong answers
 * 567 statements on test
 * Responses: ‘True’, ‘False’, or ‘Cannot say’
 * Ex.: I like tall women
 * Reveals habits, fears, delusions, and symptoms psychological disorders.
 * Sometimes not accurate with validly
 * Ex. "I frequently attend church" - Flase - You would get a point towards being depressed.

=__ Review Questions __=

__<span style="color: #000080; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">1.) Assesses an individual's characteristics and identifies problems. __ __ A. Objective test __ __ B. Projective test __ __ C. Personality test __ __ D. Interest Inventory __

__ 2.) Jennifer is about to take the second most widely used projective measure that was developed by Henry Murray. Which of the following is she taking? __ __ A. CPI __ __ B. Myers-Briggs Test __ __ C. TAT __ __ D.None of the above __

__ 3.) The most frequently used test for general personality assessment. __ __ A. MMPI __ __ B. Myers-Briggs Test __ __ C. TAT __ __ D. Rorschach Inkblot Test __

__ 4). An unstructured test in which a person is asked to respond freely, giving his or her own interpretation of various ambiguous stimuli. __ __ A. Projective test __ __ B. Personality test __ __ C. MMPI __ __ D. TAT __

__ 5. Are horoscopes valid? __ __ A.Yes-they can accurately tell someone his or her personality. __ __ B. No-they are just made up by astrologers. __ __ C. No-they are applied to everyone and are not valid. __ __ D. Yes-they are very valid and are correct on traits 100% of the time. __